Data as of Aug 25, 2026 · Based on 276 AI responses from ChatGPT Search and Google AI Mode · See how Parse measures this
For predictable, large-scale outbound appointment flow choose CIENCE; for a true pay‑per‑qualified‑meeting model with global SDR capacity choose
SalesGent; for zero‑retainer, intent‑based booking choose
IntenTrack.
Brands AI recommends here
Named in 67% of answers
Named in 66% of answers
Named in 64% of answers
CIENCE is the pick for large-scale, data-first outbound programs that need predictable appointment volume across channels; pricing often uses appointment targets rather than strictly outcome-only guarantees.
Named in 59% of answers
Leading lead generation agencies offering pay-per-meeting or hybrid performance models for enterprise and B2B sales include **SalesGent, Martal Group, SalesHive, and CIENCE**.[](https://www.salesgent.co/post/best-pay-per-lead-agencies)…
Leading lead generation agencies offering pay-per-meeting or hybrid performance models for enterprise and B2B sales include SalesGent, Martal Group, SalesHive, and CIENCE.
Top Pay-Per-Meeting Agencies
Agency Comparison
| Agency | Primary Model | Best Suited For |
|---|---|---|
| SalesGent | Pay-per-qualified-meeting | Strict budget accountability per completed call |
| Martal Group | Hybrid retainer & pay-per-meeting | Growth-stage to enterprise tech scaling |
| SalesHive | Multichannel outreach & meetings | High-volume cold calling and email cadences |
| CIENCE | Setup fee + modular SDR scaling | Data-driven enterprise pipeline building |
If you share your target industry, average deal size , or preferred outreach channels (phone, email, LinkedIn), I can help you choose the best fit.
Yes. If you mean **B2B/enterprise lead-generation agencies where the commercial model is tied to qualified meetings actually happening**, rather than a traditional $5k–$20k/month SDR retainer, there are several worth evaluating. ### Leading pay-per-meeting options Agency | Model | Enterprise fit | Notable point
Yes. If you mean B2B/enterprise lead-generation agencies where the commercial model is tied to qualified meetings actually happening, rather than a traditional $5k–$20k/month SDR retainer, there are several worth evaluating.
| Agency | Model | Enterprise fit | Notable point |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIENCE | Primarily managed/retainer; discusses pay-per-meeting marketplace models | ★★★★★ | Large, established SDR operation; useful benchmark even though pure PPM isn't its main offering |
| A-Sales | Pay per appointment | ★★★★☆ | In-house SDRs, phone-led outbound, US/EU coverage; says you pay for appointments that actually take place A-Sales A-Sales |
| RevRhino | Pay per meeting | ★★★★☆ | Explicitly segments pricing by opportunity size, including enterprise; no monthly fees/retainer RevRhino |
| Leads to Green | $250–$500 per qualified meeting | ★★★★☆ | No retainer/setup/minimum; specifically targets B2B tech and says pricing increases with seniority, ICP difficulty and deal size Leads to Green™ |
| Booked | Performance/meeting-based | ★★★★☆ | Senior reps, global coverage, guaranteed qualified-meeting floor; particularly interesting for complex B2B verticals Booked Meeting |
| ConnectLead Agency | Pay per appointment / qualified lead / retainer | ★★★★☆ | Explicit ICP qualification and meeting briefs for AEs; reports 80%+ average show rate ConnectLead Agency |
| Fusion CX | Per appointment / SQL / hybrid | ★★★★★ | Much larger-scale operation; has an enterprise SDR case study with 218 qualified appointments in one month Fusion CX |
| Nuvvo | Low base + pay per meeting | ★★★★☆ | Founded by former enterprise technology sales; explicitly positioned around enterprise tech buyers Nuvvo Marketing |
A few newer/smaller specialists are also particularly transparent about the economics:
If your average deal is, say, $50k–$1M+ ACV and you're targeting CIOs, CTOs, CFOs, CROs, VPs, or other senior buying committees, I'd prioritize:
1. Fusion CX — best if you need scale and a genuine enterprise SDR infrastructure.
2. A-Sales — attractive if you want human, phone-heavy outbound rather than an AI/email-only operation.
3. RevRhino — interesting because its pricing explicitly recognizes different opportunity sizes, including enterprise.
4. Booked — worth investigating if you want senior SDRs and international coverage.
5. Nuvvo — particularly relevant if you're selling enterprise technology/IT services.
6. Leads to Green — compelling if you want a very clean "no meeting, no fee" structure and don't need a huge SDR organization.
I'd be careful with the phrase "pay per meeting." The economics can be radically different.
The best contracts define a billable meeting something like:
ICP-qualified decision-maker + agreed seniority + genuine business need + prospect attends + minimum meeting duration. A weaker provider may count "someone accepted a calendar invitation" as a meeting. CIENCE itself makes this distinction when comparing appointment-setting agencies with pay-per-meeting marketplaces: qualification depth can be substantially different depending on the incentive structure.
For enterprise sales, I'd therefore negotiate around pay-per-held-qualified-meeting, not simply pay-per-booked-meeting.
If you tell me your target industry, typical ACV, geography, and buyer titles, I can narrow this to the 5 agencies I'd actually put on an RFP, including estimated per-meeting pricing, strengths/weaknesses, and what questions to ask each vendor.
Leading lead generation agencies offering **pay-per-meeting or performance-blended models** for enterprise and B2B sales include `SalesGent, Martal Group, and…
Leading lead generation agencies offering pay-per-meeting or performance-blended models for enterprise and B2B sales include SalesGent, Martal Group, and SalesHive.
Because true 100% pay-per-meeting models carry high risk for low qualification quality in enterprise deals, most top-tier agencies utilize a hybrid model (a base management retainer combined with a performance or per-meeting fee) to ensure strict BANT (Budget, Authority, Need, Timeline) alignment.
| Agency | Pricing Model | Best Suited For |
|---|---|---|
| SalesGent | Pay-per-qualified-meeting | Companies wanting performance-only pricing for meetings held and vetted against strict ICP criteria. |
| Martal Group | Hybrid retainer & pay-per-meeting | Growth-stage and enterprise B2B tech companies needing dedicated remote sales reps. |
| SalesHive | Multi-channel & pay-per-appointment options | High-volume cold calling, email, and AI-driven sequence personalization. |
| Belkins | Dedicated retainer with appointment KPIs | Enterprise omnichannel campaigns requiring rigorous B2B lead research and nurturing. |
Key Considerations for Enterprise Pay-Per-Meeting
Would you like help with:
Yes. If you specifically mean **enterprise B2B outbound agencies that will take performance risk and charge per qualified/held sales meeting**, there are a number of credible options—but they vary substantially in how “enterprise” their delivery really is. ### Strongest options to investigate Agency | Pay-per-meeting…
Yes. If you specifically mean enterprise B2B outbound agencies that will take performance risk and charge per qualified/held sales meeting, there are a number of credible options—but they vary substantially in how “enterprise” their delivery really is.
| Agency | Pay-per-meeting model | Enterprise fit | Notable angle |
|---|---|---|---|
| mindtechb2b.com | Pay per meeting that shows | High | Explicitly targets SaaS, cybersecurity, fintech and enterprise IT; C-level/VP/Director buyers in US/UK |
| revrhino.io | Pay only when meeting occurs | High | Specifically publishes separate pricing based on small/medium/large/enterprise opportunities |
| connectleadagency.com | Pay per qualified appointment | Medium–High | SDR-style model with ICP qualification and meeting briefs for AEs |
| aremsales.com | Pay per qualified meeting | Medium–High | Senior-led email + calling; particularly interesting for technology and industrial sales |
| nuvvomarketing.com | Pay per meeting beyond a base fee | High | Founded from enterprise technology sales experience; focuses on complex technical buyers |
| leadstogreen.com | $250–$500 per qualified meeting | Medium–High | Very clean performance model: no retainer, setup fee or minimum commitment |
| gritnord.com | €500 per meeting held | Medium | AI-assisted outbound; aimed at B2B companies with €10k+ average deal sizes, primarily Europe |
| prospectout.com | $100 per confirmed meeting | Medium | Very transparent pricing; email + LinkedIn; likely better suited to SMB/mid-market than very large enterprise |
A particularly interesting distinction is that MindTech explicitly says it works with enterprise IT, cybersecurity, fintech and SaaS and books C-suite/VP/Director buyers, whereas some of the cheaper pay-per-meeting providers appear more oriented toward general B2B.
RevRhino is also unusually relevant to your question because it explicitly says its pricing structure varies by opportunity size, including a separate enterprise category, and charges only when the meeting occurs.
If I were evaluating these for a company selling a $50K–$1M+ ACV enterprise solution, I'd start with:
I would not automatically choose the lowest per-meeting price. For enterprise selling, a $100 meeting with a random manager is essentially worthless, while a $1,000–$2,000 meeting with a genuine economic buyer at a target account can be extremely attractive.
For context, published 2026 benchmarks put pay-per-appointment pricing roughly around $150–$1,500+ per appointment, with enterprise/senior-buyer targeting tending toward the upper end.
For enterprise, I'd insist that the agency define a “qualified meeting” something like:
That last point is particularly important. “Pay per meeting” can mean anything from genuine pipeline generation to selling you calendar appointments.
If you're evaluating this for a large enterprise sales organization, I can also give you a ranked top 10 with estimated cost/meeting, enterprise-logo experience, geographies, channels (cold call/email/LinkedIn), minimum commitments, and which ones I'd actually shortlist for a $100K+ ACV product.
Yes. The **pay-per-meeting (PPM)** market has a mix of established appointment-setting firms and newer AI/outbound shops. For **enterprise sales**, I’d focus less on headline meeting volume and more on whether they can reliably reach VP/C-suite buyers, handle narrow ICPs, and define a *qualified held meeting*…
Yes. The pay-per-meeting (PPM) market has a mix of established appointment-setting firms and newer AI/outbound shops. For enterprise sales, I’d focus less on headline meeting volume and more on whether they can reliably reach VP/C-suite buyers, handle narrow ICPs, and define a qualified held meeting rigorously.
| Agency | Model | Enterprise fit | Notable point |
|---|---|---|---|
| ViB | Pay per qualified meeting held | High — especially B2B tech | Uses an opt-in community of technology buyers; explicitly charges for completed qualified appointments. ReplyLead |
| RevRhino | Pay per meeting | High | Explicitly has different pricing structures for small, medium, large and enterprise prospects; no retainer or commission. RevRhino |
| Fusion CX | Per-appointment / per-SQL / hybrid | High | More of a traditional outsourced SDR operation; reports an enterprise SaaS case with 218 qualified demo appointments in one month. Fusion CX |
| ConnectLead Agency | Pay per appointment / qualified lead | High | Outsourced SDR team; qualification against ICP and meeting briefing are built into the offering. ConnectLead Agency |
| Nuvvo | Pay per meeting | High for enterprise tech | Founded by an enterprise technology salesperson; specifically positions itself around CIO/technical buyers and long procurement cycles. Nuvvo Marketing |
| Zeno Reach | 100% pay per meeting | Medium–High | Done-for-you prospecting through meeting booking with a risk-free PPM positioning. Zeno Reach |
| DealForce | Pay per qualified meeting held | Medium–High | Requires ICP fit and says meetings aren't billed for no-shows; currently emphasizes professional services. DealForce |
| Bexa Partners | $500 per attended qualified meeting | Medium–High | No retainer/minimum and first qualified meeting free; senior SDRs + AI personalization. Bexa Partners |
| ClayVengers | $2,500 per qualified meeting | High-ticket / narrow ICP | Omnichannel outbound and explicitly targets qualified in-ICP decision-makers; unusually transparent pricing. ClayVengers |
| Leads to Green | $250–$500 per qualified meeting | Medium–High | No setup fee, retainer or minimum; price varies based on seniority, ICP narrowness and deal size. Leads to Green™ |
If you're selling something with, say, $25K–$250K+ ACV into companies with hundreds/thousands of employees, I'd start with:
One important caveat: PPM isn't automatically better for enterprise. Enterprise outbound often involves small TAMs, highly customized messaging, multiple stakeholders and long sales cycles. A pure per-meeting agency can have an incentive to optimize for meetings rather than pipeline. A recent comparison of the model makes essentially this distinction: PPM is attractive for volume and risk transfer, while retainers can make more sense when the motion depends on deep account penetration.
For enterprise, I'd make the definition of a billable meeting something like:
I'd also ask each agency for actual metrics by enterprise segment, not overall meeting counts: show rate, acceptance rate, opportunity conversion, average contract value, target seniority, and percentage of meetings that become SQLs.
If you tell me what you're selling, approximate ACV, target buyer (e.g. CIO/CISO/CFO/VP Sales), geography, and desired meetings/month, I can narrow this to the 3–5 agencies most likely to work for your specific enterprise motion, including their published pricing and evidence of enterprise clients.
Finding a true **"pay-per-meeting"** or **"pay-per-appointment" (PPA)** model for *enterprise sales* is rare. Because enterprise sales cycles involve long-tail nurturing, complex multi-stakeholder mapping, and high-value deal sizes, most top-tier agencies avoid pure pay-per-meeting models to prevent misaligned…
Finding a true "pay-per-meeting" or "pay-per-appointment" (PPA) model for enterprise sales is rare. Because enterprise sales cycles involve long-tail nurturing, complex multi-stakeholder mapping, and high-value deal sizes, most top-tier agencies avoid pure pay-per-meeting models to prevent misaligned incentives or low-quality volume.
Instead, enterprise-focused providers typically use a hybrid model (a smaller base retainer to cover deep account-based research and data compliance, plus a performance fee per qualified meeting) or strict qualification criteria.
The leading agencies operating in this space with performance or flexible pay-per-meeting frameworks include:
To help narrow down which of these fits your motion, tell me:
I can help you evaluate whether a hybrid vs. pure performance model makes the most sense for your pipeline.
Finding a true **pay-per-meeting (PPM)** or **pay-per-appointment (PPA)** model for **enterprise sales** ($50K+ ACV, C-suite or VP-level targets) is rare. Most top-tier outbound agencies avoid 100% pure performance pricing at the enterprise level because long sales cycles, complex buying committees, and slow prospect…
Finding a true pay-per-meeting (PPM) or pay-per-appointment (PPA) model for enterprise sales ($50K+ ACV, C-suite or VP-level targets) is rare. Most top-tier outbound agencies avoid 100% pure performance pricing at the enterprise level because long sales cycles, complex buying committees, and slow prospect responsiveness make pure risk-shifting unsustainable. Instead, elite agencies lean toward hybrid models (a modest base retainer to cover data infrastructure and dedicated human/AI SDR resources, plus a per-meeting success fee) or strict pay-per-held-meeting guarantees.
The leading B2B outbound and appointment-setting agencies equipped to handle enterprise-grade targeting via performance or hybrid pay-per-meeting frameworks include:
Enterprise Pay-Per-Meeting Realities & Red Flags
If you share your Average Contract Value (ACV) and target industry/persona (e.g., CIOs in Healthcare), I can help you determine whether a pure pay-per-meeting model or a dedicated hybrid retainer makes more financial sense for your sales cycle.
Yes. If you mean **B2B/enterprise outbound agencies where you pay for qualified meetings rather than a traditional $5k–$15k/month SDR retainer**, there are several worth evaluating. ### My shortlist | Agency | Pay-per-meeting? | Enterprise fit | Indicative pricing / positioning |
Yes. If you mean B2B/enterprise outbound agencies where you pay for qualified meetings rather than a traditional $5k–$15k/month SDR retainer, there are several worth evaluating.
| Agency | Pay-per-meeting? | Enterprise fit | Indicative pricing / positioning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nurturance | ✅ | Excellent — FinTech/InsurTech | From $1,500/meeting; explicitly targets enterprise buyers |
| SalesHive | ✅ / various models | Very good | Industry benchmark: roughly $150–$600/meeting for mainstream B2B |
| Fusion CX | ✅ | Very good | Per-appointment or SQL pricing; has enterprise SaaS case study |
| RevRhino | ✅ | Good | Explicit pricing tiers for small/medium/enterprise opportunities |
| ConnectLead Agency | ✅ | Good | Pay-per-appointment with ICP qualification and SDR handoff |
| DealForce | ✅ | Good | Pay only when qualified meeting actually occurs |
| Intent Amplify | ✅ | Good | Pay per qualified meeting attended, with intent-based targeting |
| Bexa Partners | ✅ | Good | $500/qualified meeting, no retainer; no-show replacement |
| Bold Bookings | ✅ | Good | Pay per meeting/show; B2B outbound across email/LinkedIn/calls |
| ClayVengers | ✅ | Good for high-ACV B2B | $2,500/qualified meeting, positioned toward higher-value sales |
1. Nurturance — strongest enterprise specialization
This is probably the most interesting option if you're genuinely selling into large organizations rather than simply looking for generic SMB appointments. Nurturance says it focuses exclusively on FinTech and InsurTech, explicitly promises enterprise meetings, and prices from $1,500 per meeting with no retainer. It claims 26,000+ qualified meetings and $130M+ in revenue generated.
2. SalesHive — established B2B outbound option
SalesHive is worth putting on the RFP because it's a substantially broader B2B outbound operation rather than a tiny "cold-email agency." Its current published benchmark puts mainstream B2B pay-per-meeting economics around $150–$600, although enterprise/complex ICPs can obviously be considerably more expensive.
3. Fusion CX — interesting for scaled enterprise SDR programs
Fusion CX offers per-appointment and per-SQL models alongside traditional dedicated-SDR pricing. More importantly, it publishes a case study involving a US SaaS company selling to enterprise accounts: 218 qualified demo appointments in the first month, with a qualification framework aligned to MEDDIC.
4. RevRhino — unusually explicit about enterprise pricing
RevRhino specifically says its pay-per-meeting pricing varies according to opportunity size, with separate structures for small, medium, large, and enterprise prospects. It also says there are no retainers, commissions, or revenue shares and that payment occurs when the meeting takes place.
5. Intent Amplify — worth considering if intent matters
Its model is particularly interesting for enterprise because it says it doesn't rely on conventional cold calling; instead, it uses intent-based matching against an ICP and charges per qualified meeting attended.
6. Bexa Partners — transparent economics
Bexa publishes $500 per qualified meeting, with the first meeting free, no retainer/minimum, and no payment for no-shows. It also allows the customer to set a monthly meeting cap.
I'd be careful with the phrase "pay per meeting." There are at least three materially different models:
For enterprise sales, I'd strongly favor #2 or #3.
A $500 meeting with a VP at a Fortune 1000 company can be dramatically more valuable than a $150 meeting with a poorly qualified 50-person company. So price/meeting alone isn't a useful comparison.
Also, be wary of agencies that define "qualified" as merely job title + company size. For enterprise outbound, I'd put contractual definitions around account fit, seniority, geography, use case, current problem, buying initiative, and meeting attendance.
Before signing, I'd ask for these numbers:
For a high-ACV enterprise SaaS/services company, my initial RFP would probably be Nurturance, SalesHive, Fusion CX, RevRhino, and Intent Amplify. I'd then compare them on cost per accepted/attended meeting and downstream opportunity creation, rather than headline cost per appointment.
Yes. If you mean **enterprise B2B sales where the agency gets paid for a qualified/held sales meeting rather than a conventional monthly SDR retainer**, the market is narrower than it first appears. My current shortlist would be: | Agency | Model | Enterprise fit | What stands out |
Yes. If you mean enterprise B2B sales where the agency gets paid for a qualified/held sales meeting rather than a conventional monthly SDR retainer, the market is narrower than it first appears.
My current shortlist would be:
| Agency | Model | Enterprise fit | What stands out |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nurturance | Pay per held meeting | Excellent for FinTech/InsurTech | $1,500+/meeting; explicitly targets enterprise buyers; 10-meeting guarantee |
| Belkins | Hybrid / selective PPA | Excellent | Larger, established operation; strong multichannel appointment setting |
| CIENCE | Primarily managed SDR/retainer, with performance options | Excellent | Enterprise-grade data, SDR teams and multichannel execution |
| Martal Group | Hybrid / performance-based options | Very good | Strong SaaS/technology orientation and North American SDRs |
| Viceroy Agency | Pure pay-per-meeting option | Very good | Qualified-meeting billing, with a dedicated-SDR + reporting option |
| RevRhino | Pay per meeting | Good | Explicitly has separate pricing based on opportunity size, including enterprise |
| JRC³ | Pay per held meeting | Very good | $350–$550/held meeting depending on seniority; C-suite/regulated tier |
| Nuvvo | Pay per meeting + small base | Very good | Founded around enterprise technology sales; specifically discusses CIO/technical buyers |
| Leads to Green | Pure pay per held meeting | Good–very good | $250–$500/meeting; no retainer, setup fee or minimum |
| Bexa Partners | $500 per held meeting | Good | Senior SDRs, no retainer/minimum, first qualified meeting free |
1. Nurturance — strongest enterprise-specific PPM proposition
This is probably the most interesting option if you're selling into large enterprises, particularly financial services, fintech or insurance. They explicitly promise 10 qualified enterprise meetings in 30 days, charge from $1,500 per meeting, and don't charge a retainer. They also claim $130M+ in revenue generated and 26,000 qualified meetings booked.
The important distinction is that they're charging substantially more than the $250–$600 commodity PPM market—which makes sense if they're actually getting you in front of VP/C-suite enterprise buyers.
2. JRC³ — interesting if "held meeting with a senior buyer" is the KPI
JRC³ has unusually explicit definitions: a billable meeting is a calendar-accepted, attended meeting with the named prospect, with pricing of $350 for director+, $450 for VP+/multi-threaded, and $550 for C-suite/regulated prospects.
That's much closer to what I'd want in an enterprise contract than simply paying for "appointments booked."
3. Viceroy — true PPM model with enterprise flexibility
Viceroy explicitly offers a standard pay-per-meeting package where payment occurs after the meeting and is conditional on ICP accuracy. It also offers PPM plus a dedicated SDR and reporting.
4. Belkins — best if you want a larger, more established operation
I'd put Belkins on the shortlist even though I wouldn't characterize it as a pure PPM-first agency. Its core offering is more conventional managed outbound/appointment setting, and current published comparisons show its mainstream pricing as monthly rather than pure PPM.
The attraction is scale and sophistication rather than pure risk transfer.
5. Nuvvo — worth considering for technical enterprise sales
Nuvvo is particularly interesting for complex technology sales. Its founder came from enterprise technology sales at World Wide Technology and specifically describes experience selling to CIOs and navigating long procurement cycles.
That's a useful differentiator if you're selling something where a generic appointment setter can easily book the wrong person.
I'd be very careful with the phrase "pay per meeting."
There are at least four materially different models:
Current market benchmarks put ordinary PPM around $250–$600 for held meetings, while qualified enterprise decision-maker meetings can run $600–$900+.
For enterprise sales, $1,000–$1,500+ isn't necessarily expensive if you're getting a legitimate VP/C-suite buyer at a $50K–$500K+ ACV company. Conversely, $200 meetings can be extraordinarily expensive if they're with people who can't buy.
If you're evaluating these firms, I'd make the definition of a billable meeting something like:
Named individual matching agreed seniority + target account matching ICP + prospect attends + prospect has acknowledged the relevant business problem/use case.
Then require:
That's particularly important because the basic PPM incentive can otherwise push an agency toward maximizing meeting count rather than maximizing pipeline quality.
If I were building a serious enterprise-sales shortlist, I'd start with Nurturance, JRC³, Viceroy, Nuvvo and Belkins, then benchmark them against a conventional enterprise SDR provider such as CIENCE or Martal. The latter may actually win if your sales cycle is sufficiently complex that optimizing for SQLs/pipeline is more valuable than minimizing upfront spend.
If you tell me your industry, ACV, target buyer (e.g. CIO/CFO/VP Sales), geography, and approximate number of meetings/month, I can narrow this to the 5 best agencies and compare their pricing, enterprise specialization, guarantees, and likely fit.
Finding a true **pay-per-meeting (PPM)** or **pay-per-appointment (PPA)** model for *enterprise sales* is rare. Enterprise sales involve long sales cycles, complex multi-stakeholder buying committees, and high Average Contract Values (ACV). Because of this, top-tier enterprise agencies are hesitant to shoulder 100% of…
Finding a true pay-per-meeting (PPM) or pay-per-appointment (PPA) model for enterprise sales is rare. Enterprise sales involve long sales cycles, complex multi-stakeholder buying committees, and high Average Contract Values (ACV). Because of this, top-tier enterprise agencies are hesitant to shoulder 100% of the pipeline risk on a pure performance basis unless paired with a setup fee or a hybrid retainer.
When agencies do offer performance or hybrid pay-per-meeting structures suited for high-ticket or enterprise deals, costs typically range from $550 to $1,700+ per qualified, held meeting.
Leading agencies operating in this performance or hybrid meeting-generation space include:
If you'd like to narrow this down, please share:
I can help you evaluate which agency structure best matches your risk tolerance and sales velocity.